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Chicago Citation & Referencing Guide

Tips & Rules for Citations/Footnotes

Tips/Rules for Citing

Title of Sources

Capitalise words like a newspaper headline except for articles (the/a/an), conjunctions, prepositions, etc.

Put a colon between the title and the subtitle. Titles of books, journals, etc. are always in italics.

Titles of Chapters/Articles

These are put in double inverted commas.

Authors

Don't use titles like Mrs/Dr/Prof./Rev (but do use some others like 'Saint').

Page Numbers

Don't use "p./pp.". Just use the numbers.

No Date of Publication

Use "n.d.", or "[2001?]" if the date is probably 2001.

No Place of Publication

Use "n.p.", or "[Dublin?]" if the place of publication is probably Dublin.

Multiple Authors

Up to three authors, list all of them. Four or more authors, list the 1st one and then use "et al.".

Combining Commas and Full Stops

Whereas you can follow full stop with a comma, e.g. "ed.," you cannot follow a full stop with another full stop, e.g. "eds..". It will instead be  just "eds.".

Ibid

If a citation has been referenced immediately before, it can now be shortened to "Ibid." with the page number, e.g. "Ibid., 69".